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Stone Mountain

Often (inaccurately) billed as the "largest exposed piece of granite in the world," Stone Mountain is actually a giant piece of quartz monzonite. But, while it's undeniably a huge hunk of rock, people visit the park for the views and the carving on the north face, the largest of its kind.

This enormous carving features three confederate heroes: Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson and Jefferson Davis, each on horseback. The United Daughters of the Confederacy commissioned the Civil War Memorial in 1916 but the project met many challenges. Gutzon Borglum started the carving but abandoned it to work on Mount Rushmore. A second artist stopped work on the carving in 1928 and nothing further was accomplished for thirty years. The whole shebang was finally completed in 1972.

But before this rock became a memorial, a group of men met at this site in 1915 to reincarnate the Ku Klux Klan. For many years, the Klan played a large role in funding the monument and even influenced the carving.

Mount Rushmore
The Lakota Sioux knew this spot as Six Grandfathers but today Mount Rushmore only features the faces of four former presidents. The US seized control of the mountain after several military conflicts and was known by several different names, including Slaughterhouse Mountain, before Charles E. Rushmore took over and suggested the carving as a way to increase tourism to the area.

But, before the US stepped in, the mountain, part of the Black Hills, represented something quite different to Native Americans. The Souix and Cheyenne believed it was the sacred center of the world. But the Lakota inhabited the hills when the first settlers showed up. The question of ownership was answered by the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie -- the Lakota owned the area. But the US changed their mind when gold was discovered and relocated everyone.

A Supreme Court Case in 1980 awarded nearly $106 million to the Lakota for the illegal seizure of the land by the US. The Lakota turned down the settlement wanting to return to the Black Hills instead. Today a monument in honor of Crazy Horse is under construction on Thunderhead Mountain.

Next Up: Hoover Dam

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